Molecular & Empirical Formulae of Organic Compounds The molecular formula shows the number and type of each atom in a molecule Eg. the molecular formula of ethanoic acid is C2H4O2 The empirical...
Nomenclature of Aliphatic Compounds Systematic nomenclature can be used to name organic compounds and therefore make it easier to refer to them The alkanes provide the basis of the naming system an...
Functional Groups of Organic Compounds Functional groups determine the physical and chemical properties of molecules The table below shows a summary of common functional groups found in compounds R...
Homologous Series Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself This enables it to form long c...
Oxides of Nitrogen Natural occurrence of nitrogen oxides Due to its lack of reactivity, only under extreme conditions will nitrogen react with oxygen to form gaseous nitrogen oxides An example of t...
Reactivity of Nitrogen Nitrogen is a diatomic molecule and the main unreactive gas in air 78% of air is nitrogen gas The lack of reactivity of nitrogen gas can be explained by looking at its intram...
Reaction of Chlorine A disproportionation reaction is a reaction in which the same species is both oxidised and reduced The reaction of chlorine with dilute alkali is an example of a disproportiona...
Halide Ions: Reducing Agents Halide ions can also act as reducing agents and donate electrons to another atom The halide ions themselves get oxidised and lose electrons The reducing power of the ha...
Group 17: Oxidising Agents Halogens react with metals by accepting an electron from the metal atom to become an ion with 1- charge Eg. Ca(s) + Cl2(g) → Ca2+(Cl-)2(s) Halogens are therefore oxidis...
