Transmission & Reflection of Waves When waves are incident on the interface between two different media, they are either transmitted or reflected 'Incident on' simply means 'to meet' The interf...
The de Broglie Equation Using ideas based upon the quantum theory and Einstein’s theory of relativity, de Broglie theorised that not only do EM waves sometimes behave as particles, but that very sm...
The Wave Nature of Electrons Electron diffraction was the first clear evidence that matter can behave like light and has wave properties This is demonstrated using the electron diffraction tube The...
Core Practical 8: Investigating Diffraction Gratings Aim of the Experiment To find the wavelength of light using a diffraction grating Variables Independent variable = Distance between maxima, h De...
The Diffraction Grating Equation A diffraction grating is a plate on which there is a very large number of parallel, identical, close-spaced slits When monochromatic light is incident on a grating,...
Diffraction Diffraction is the spreading out of waves when they pass an obstruction Diffraction through a gap This obstruction is typically a narrow gap (a slit, or aperture) Diffraction is usually...
Plane Polarisation Transverse waves can oscillate in any plane perpendicular to the direction of motion (and energy transfer) of the wave Such waves are said to be unpolarised Polarisation occurs w...
Magnification Magnification as a Ratio of Heights Magnification means how much larger the image is than the object This is the ratio of the image/object height Where: m = magnification hi = image ...
The Lens Equation This equation can be applied to all thin converging and diverging lenses The equation relates the focal length of the lens to the distances from the lens to the image and the obje...
