Deducing Isomers of a Compound You should be able to deduce all possible isomers for organic compounds knowing their molecular formula Worked example: Isomers of dibromopropane Step 1: Draw the str...
Chirality & Enantiomers Chiral centres in non-cyclic molecules A chiral centre in a molecule is a carbon atom that has four different atoms or group of atoms attached This gives rise to two opt...
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical & Optical Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space There are two types of s...
Structural Isomerism: Chain, Position & Functional Group Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae Eg. propene and cyclopropane Bot...
Planar Molecules Planar molecules have all their atoms in the same plane Eg. linear, bent, trigonal planar and square planar Molecules which have all their atoms in the same plane The presence of a...
Hybridised Atoms: Shapes & Bond Angles in Molecules Each carbon atom has four electrons in its outer shell (electronic configuration: 1s22s22p2) Carbon atoms share these four electrons in four ...
Straight, Branched & Cyclic Molecules Straight, branched and cyclic organic molecules are also called aliphatic compounds as long as they do not contain a benzene ring Straight-chain Straight-c...
Terminology Used in Reaction Mechanisms In organic reaction mechanisms, curly arrows represent the movement of electron pairs The arrow beings at a bond or a lone pair of electrons and points to th...
Definitions & Terminology in Organic Chemistry Homologous series A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, the same general formula and the same c...
