The Walls of the Heart The muscular walls of the atria are thinner than those of the ventricles When the atria contract, the thin muscular walls do not generate much pressure, but enough to force b...
Mammalian Heart Structure Heart structure The human heart has a mass of around 300g and is roughly the size of a closed fist The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located in the chest cavity It is ...
The Bohr Shift Changes in the oxygen dissociation curve as a result of carbon dioxide levels are known as the Bohr effect, or Bohr shift When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood is ...
The Oxygen Dissociation Curve The oxygen dissociation curve shows the rate at which oxygen associates, and also dissociates, with haemoglobin at different partial pressures of oxygen (pO2) Partial ...
Plasma & Carbon Dioxide Waste carbon dioxide produced during respiration diffuses from the tissues into the blood This waste carbon dioxide is transported around the body in different ways In t...
The Chloride Shift The chloride shift is the movement of chloride ions into red blood cells that occurs when hydrogen carbonate ions are formed Hydrogen carbobate ions are formed by the following p...
Red Blood Cells, Haemoglobin & Oxygen Transport of oxygen The majority of oxygen transported around the body is bound to the protein haemoglobin in red blood cells Red blood cells are also know...
Blood, Tissue Fluid & Lymph Plasma is a straw-coloured liquid that constitutes around 55% of the blood Plasma is largely composed of water (95%) and because water is a good solvent, many substa...
The Role of Water in Blood & Tissue Fluid Solvent action Water is the main component of blood (where it constitutes 95% of plasma, a straw-coloured liquid) and tissue fluid Tissue fluid is form...
