Unreactivity of Alkanes Strength of C-H bonds Alkanes consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms which are bonded together by single bonds Unless a lot of heat is supplied, it is difficult to break these...
Obtaining Useful Compounds by Cracking Crude oil Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons containing alkanes, cycloalkanes and arenes (compounds with a benzene ring) The crude oil is extracted from t...
Free Radical Substitution Mechanism Alkanes can undergo free-radical substitution in which a hydrogen atom gets substituted by a halogen (chlorine/bromine) Ultraviolet light (sunlight) is needed fo...
Combustion & Free Radical Substitution of Alkanes Alkanes are combusted (burnt) on a large scale for their use as fuels They also react in free-radical substitution reactions to form more react...
Production of Alkanes: Hydrogenation & Cracking Alkanes are hydrocarbons that can be produced by the addition reaction of hydrogen to an alkene or by cracking of longer alkane chains Production...
Deducing Isomers of a Compound You should be able to deduce all possible isomers for organic compounds knowing their molecular formula Worked example: Isomers of dibromopropane Step 1: Draw the str...
Chirality & Enantiomers Chiral centres in non-cyclic molecules A chiral centre in a molecule is a carbon atom that has four different atoms or group of atoms attached This gives rise to two opt...
Stereoisomerism: Geometrical & Optical Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space There are two types of s...
Structural Isomerism: Chain, Position & Functional Group Structural isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae Eg. propene and cyclopropane Bot...
