CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记6.2.4 Ligands
Define Ligand A ligand is a molecule or ion that has one or more lone pairs of electrons These lone pairs of electrons are donated by the ligand, to form dative covalent bonds to a central metal at...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记6.2.3 Transition Metal Complexes
Transition Elements: Ligands & Complex Formation Transition element ions can form complexes which consist of a central metal ion and ligands Copper(II) and cobalt(II) ions will be used as examp...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记6.2.2 Oxidation States of Transition Metals
Effects of the 3d & 4s Subshells on Oxidation States of the Transition Elements Transition elements can have variable oxidation states These variable oxidation states can be formed as the 3d an...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记6.2.1 General Properties of the Transition Elements: Titanium to Copper
Define Transition Element Transition elements are d-block elements which form one or more stable ions with an incomplete d subshell They are all metals found in the d-block of the Periodic Table, b...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记6.1.1 Similarities, Trends & Compounds of Magnesium to Barium
Effect of Ionic Radius on Thermal Stability of Group 2 Nitrates & Carbonates The Group 2 nitrates and carbonates become more thermally stable going down the group The charge density of the cati...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记5.6.7 Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Catalysts
Homogeneous & Heterogeneous Catalysis Catalysts increase the rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathway which has a lower activation energy Catalysts can be either homogeneous or hete...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记5.6.6 Factors affecting Rate Constant
Effect of Temperature on the Rate Constant At higher temperatures, a greater proportion of molecules have energy greater than than the activation energy Since the rate constant and rate of reaction...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记5.6.5 Multi-Step Reactions
Kinetics of Multi-Step Reactions The reaction mechanism of a reaction describes how many steps are involved in the making and breaking of bonds during a chemical reaction It is the slowest step in ...
CIE A Level Chemistry复习笔记5.6.4 Rate Constant Calculations
Calculating the Rate Constant The rate constant (k) of a reaction can be calculated using: The initial rates and the rate equation The half-life Calculating the rate constant from the initial rate ...
